Cuadernos de Historia

Marcello Carmagnani (1940-2025)

Cuadernos de Historia — 2025-04-26

Marcello Carmagnani (1940-2025) fue un destacado historiador especializado en la historia económica y social de Latinoamérica, nacido en Verona, Italia, en 1940. En 1950 llegó a Chile junto a su familia, realizando en este parte de su educación primaria (hoy Básica) y secundaria (actual Enseñanza Media) y, posteriormente, su formación superior en la Universidad de Chile. Desde su época universitaria se distinguió como uno de los mejores estudiantes de Historia de su generación, lo que le valió ser profesor investigador del Centro de Estudios Coloniales dirigido por el profesor Mario Góngora.

Presentación del dossier. La historia del tiempo presente desde Chile: nuevos problemas y enfoques de un campo siempre en construcción

Daniel Ovalle Pastén — 2025-04-26

En un estimulante ensayo publicado a comienzos de este violento siglo XXI, la ensayista argentina Beatriz Sarlo, a propósito del cambio cultural que desde fines de los años ochenta del siglo pasado se expresaba aceleradamente en nuevos medios de comunicación, argumentó: “ha cambiado el sentido del tiempo”. Esta constatación, que hoy a más de veinte años nos parece clara, guarda una cuestión poco explorada por la historiografía: la relación entre las distintas formas de escritura de la historia con la comprensión social del tiempo que historiadoras e historiadores tienen como (inexorablemente) hijos de su tiempo.

Hiperhystorical subject: presentism and acceleration. Approximations to Chile post-October 2019

Daniel Ovalle Pastén — 2025-04-26

This article proposes the concept of hyperhistoricity, as a particular phenomenon between the subject and its relationships with time and history. The modern Western subject, when looking back at his accelerated and relevant actions during the 19th and 20th centuries, shows signs of developed a “hyperhistoricity”, where he conceives –perhaps apparently– that each event of the accelerated present is inscribed in a long-term historical process, thanks to the breadth and transversality of the concept of historicity. Thus, the hyperhistorical subject has a multiplicity of instances to think about the historicity of facts, and the historicity of itself; in an era of global and instant availability of information. This supposes an historiographical and political challenges to articulate an historical account that overcomes the preponderance of the present. The proposal also attempts to open the discussion for the case of recent Chile.

Pressing Writings, Languages in Motion: The Dispute Over Time in Feminist Narratives, Chile, May 2018-2019

Cristina Moyano Barahona — 2025-04-26

This article analyzes a corpus of feminist writings produced between the so-called “feminist May” and the “social outbreak” of October 2019, in Chile. Based on the mobilizations that were deployed in different sectors of the national territory, different analytical categories were disputed and a political-cultural lexicon was configured, which had largely been acquired by a generational interaction with feminists whose careers dated back to the 1980s and 90s, and that fully entered the demands of October 2019 and the political agenda of what marked the constituent process. From the intersection of recent history with intellectual history (both in its material and performative dimensions), the disputes over the chronotopia of the present and the social construction of time will be reviewed in contingent narratives (such as essays and performances).

Femicides and state politics in Chile since “feminist wave” to the pandemic times: listening to the voices of the victims and the silenced, Metropolitan Region, 2018-2020

M. Elisa Fernández Navarro — 2025-04-26

This article analyzes two types of femicide using legal categories of crime development, frustrated and consummated, between 2018 and 2020 in the Metropolitan Region (RM), a period in which new and fundamental laws were approved to protect women from this type of domestic violence (DV). Understanding that there are multiple variables, this work pays attention to the “previous complaint(s)” of women who have suffered a frustrated femicide, understanding that this action demonstrates a real awareness of the DV, they repeatedly experience. However, for consummated femicides, the total number of cases will be considered. The objective is to analyze the behavior of these women in relation to their rights and the support of the system. My study shows that in frustrated femicides, there is a very high number of women who had previous complaints and precautionary measures. On the other hand, in consummated femicides, previous complaints are almost nonexistent. We worked with 38 cases of attempted femicide with previous complaints, and the 37 consummated femicides. Furthermore, “listening” to the voices of these women, it is concluded that there is a lack of coordination between legal advances and the judicial system, being the function of the latter to favor these changes. The files of the 75 cases were reviewed in the Unified Causes Registry of the Judiciary.

“Cluster bomb!”: the “poisoned Chilean grapes” case of 1989 through the magazines Análisis, Apsi, Cauce y Hoy

Hugo Harvey Valdés — 2025-04-26

On March 12, 1989, the U.S. Food and Drug Administrationm discovered cyanide in two Chilean grapes, withholding all Chilean fruit shipments and their complete withdrawal from the market. These events triggered a bilateral crisis with economic repercussions and impacts on domestic politics during Chile’s transition to democracy. To date, these events remain unexplored. Therefore, this article aims to revisit them through the lens of four opposition magazines during the military regime: Análisis, APSI, Cauce, and Hoy. The purpose is to analyze how these media reported the crisis, reflecting their tensions between exacerbating criticisms towards the dictatorship and the economic model,
acknowledging conspiracy theories -whether communist or American- or adopting a stance of nationalist defense.

The concept of democracy in the foreign policy of The Unidad Popular’s government: “the case of the German Democratic Republic”

Gustavo Gajardo Pavez — 2025-04-26

The article addresses the concept of democracy in the foreign policy of the Unidad Popular government (1970-1973). It is proposed to elucidate how democracy was understood, considering the change in Chile’s international position within the global conflict generated by the arrival of President Salvador Allende to power. In this scenario, the link that was generated between Chile and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) is analyzed as a paradigmatic and exemplary case, it was considered a true democratic model. The research is based on a review of the main left-wing press media, where the international behavior of La Moneda in that period and the publications on theoretical issues were reflected. Unpublished sources from the General Historical Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile are also used.